President Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson. Seventh President of the United States. March 4, 1. 82. 9 – March 4, 1. JACKSON, Andrew, seventh president of the United States, born in the Waxhaw settlement on the border between North and South Carolina, 1. March, 1. 76. 7; died at the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee, 8 June, 1. His father, Andrew Jackson, came over from Carrickfergus, on the north coast of Ireland, in 1.
His grandfather, Hugh Jackson, had been a linen- draper. His mother's name was Elizabeth Hutchinson, and her family were linen- weavers.
Andrew Jackson, the father, died a few days before the birth of his son. The December 2. 01. Penn students, professors and guests that numbered about 2. The log cabin in which the future president was born was situated within a quarter of a mile of the boundary between the two Carolinas, and the people of the neighborhood do not seem to have had a clear idea as to which province it belonged. In a letter of 2.
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December, 1. 83. 0, in the proclamation addressed to the nullifiers, in 1. General Jackson speaks of himself as a native of South Carolina; but the evidence adduced by Patton seems to show that the birthplace was north of the border. Three weeks after the birth of her son Mrs. Jackson moved to the house of her brother- in- law, Mr. Crawford, just over the border in South Carolina, near the Waxhaw creek, and there his early years were passed. His education, obtained in an . He never learned, in the course of his life, to write English correctly.
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His career as a fighter began early. In the spring and early summer of 1. Lincoln's army at Charleston, the whole of South Carolina was overrun by the British. On 6 August, Jackson was present at Hanging Rock when Sumter surprised and destroyed a British regiment. Two of his brothers, as well as his mother, died from hardships sustained in the war.
In after years he could remember how he had been carried as prisoner to Camden and nearly starved there, and how a brutal officer had cut him with a sword because he refused to clean his boots; these reminiscences kept alive his hatred for the British, and doubtless gave unction to the tremendous blow dealt them at New Orleans. In 1. 78. 1, left quite alone in the world, he was apprenticed for a while to a saddler. At one time he is said to have done a little teaching in an . While there he was said to have been . Many and plentiful were the wild- oat crops sown at that time and in that part of the country; and in such sort of agriculture young Jackson was much more proficient than in the study of jurisprudence. He never had a legal tone of mind, or any but the crudest knowledge of law; but in that frontier society a small amount of legal knowledge went a good way, and in 1.
North Carolina, the district since erected into the state of Tennessee. The emigrant wagon- train in which Jackson journeyed to Nashville carried news of the ratification of the Federal constitution by the requisite two thirds of the states. He seems soon to have found business enough. In the April term of 1.
Nashville, Jackson was employed as counsel in 4. The great number of these cases is an indication of their trivial character. As a general rule they were either actions growing out of disputed land- claims or simple cases of assault and battery. Court day was a great occasion in that wild community, bringing crowds of men into the county town to exchange gossip, discuss politics, drink whiskey, and break heads. Probably each court day produced as many new cases as it settled. Amid such a turbulent population the public prosecutor must needs be a man of nerve and resource. It was a state of chronic riot, in which he must be ever ready to court danger.
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Jackson proved himself quite equal to the task of introducing law and order in so far as it depended on him. In the immediate neighborhood of Nashville the Indians murdered, on the average, one person every ten days. From 1. 78. 8 till 1. Jackson performed the journey of nearly two hundred miles between Nashville and Jonesboro twenty- two times; and on these occasions there were many alarms from Indians, which sometimes grew into a forest campaign. In one of these affairs, having nearly lost his life in an adventurous feat, Jackson made the characteristic remark: .
In the autumn of 1. Cherokees were so thoroughly punished by General Robertson's famous Nickajack expedition that henceforth they thought it best to leave the Tennessee settlements in peace.
With the rapid increase of the white population which soon followed, the community became more prosperous and more orderly. In the general prosperity Jackson had an ample share, partly through the diligent practice of his profession, partly through judicious purchases and sales of land.
With most men marriage is the most important event of their life; in Jackson's career his marriage was peculiarly important. Rachel Donelson was a native of North Carolina, daughter of Colonel John Donelson, a Virginia surveyor in good circumstances, who in 1. Nashville in a very remarkable boat- journey of 2,0.
Holston and Tennessee rivers and up the Cumberland. During an expedition to Kentucky some time afterward, the blooming Rachel was wooed and won by Captain Lewis Robards. She was an active, sprightly, and interesting girl, the best horsewoman and best dancer in that country; her husband seems to have been a young man of tyrannical and unreasonably jealous disposition. In Kentucky they lived with Mrs.
Robards, the husband's mother; and, as was common in a new society where houses were too few and far between, there were other boarders in the family- -among them the late Judge Overton, of Tennessee, and a, Mr. Presently Robards made complaints against his wife, in which he implicated Stone. According to Overton and the elder Mrs. Robards, these complaints were unreasonable and groundless, but the affair ended in Robards sending his wife home to her mother in Tennessee.
This was in 1. 78. Colonel Donelson had been murdered, either by Indians or by white desperadoes, and his widow, albeit in easy circumstances, felt it desirable to keep boarders as a means of protection against the Indians. To her house came Andrew Jackson on his arrival at Nashville, and thither about the same time came Overton, also fresh from his law studies.
These two young men were boarded in the house and lodged in a cabin hard by. At about the same time Robards became reconciled with his wife, and, having bought land in the neighborhood, came to dwell for awhile at Mrs. Throughout life Jackson was noted alike for spotless purity and for a romantic and chivalrous respect for the female sex. In the presence of women his manner was always distinguished for grave and courtly politeness. This involuntary homage to woman was one of the finest and most winsome features in his character. As unconsciously rendered to Mrs. Robards, it was enough to revive the slumbering demon of jealousy in her husband.
According to Overton's testimony, Jackson's conduct was irreproachable, but there were high words between him and Robards, and, not wishing to make further trouble, he changed his place of abode. After some months Captain Robards left his wife and went to Kentucky, threatening by and by to return and. In the autumn of 1. Mrs. Robards, and determined her to visit some friends at distant Natchez in order to avoid him. In pursuance of this plan, with which the whole neighborhood seems to have concurred, she went down the river in company with the venerable Colonel Stark and his family. As the Indians were just then on the war- path, Jackson accompanied the party with an armed escort, returning to Nashville as soon as he had seen his friends safely deposited at Natchez.
While these things were going on, the proceedings of Captain Robards were characterized by a sort of Machiavelian astuteness. In 1. 79. 1 Kentucky was still a part of Virginia, and, according to the code of the Old Dominion, if a husband wished to obtain a divorce on account of his wife's alleged unfaithfulness, he must procure an act of the legislature empowering him to bring the case before a jury, and authorizing a divorce conditionally upon the jury's finding a verdict of guilty. Early in 1. 79. 1 Robards obtained the preliminary act of the legislature upon his declaration, then false, that his wife had gone to live with Jackson. Robards deferred further action for more than two years. Meanwhile it was reported and believed in the west that a divorce had been granted, and, acting upon this report, Jackson, whose chivalrous interest in Mrs.
Robards's misfortunes had ripened into sincere affection, went, in the summer of 1. Natchez and married her there, and brought her to his home at Nashville. In the autumn of 1. Captain Robards, on the strength of the facts that undeniably existed since the act of the Virginia legislature, brought his case into court and obtained the verdict completing the divorce.
On hearing of this, to his great surprise, in December, Jackson concluded that the best method of preventing future cavil was to procure a new license and have the marriage ceremony performed again and this was done in January. Jackson was certainly to blame for not taking more care to ascertain the import of the act of the Virginia legislature. By a carelessness peculiarly striking in a lawyer, he allowed his wife to be placed in a false position. The irregularity of the marriage was indeed atoned by forty years of honorable and happy wedlock, ending only with Mrs.
Jackson's death in December, 1. Nashville, where the circumstances were well known. But the story, half understood and maliciously warped, grew into scandal as it was passed about among Jack on s personal enemies or political opponents; and herein some of the bitterest of his many quarrels had their source. Jackson was intense, and his pistol was always ready for the rash man who should dare to speak of her slightingly.
In January, 1. 79.